:root {
  --msu-green: #18453B;
  --msu-green-dark: #0f3029;
  --msu-green-soft: #e9f2ef;
  --excellence: #0B9A6D;
  --lime: #7BBD00;
  --ink: #16211f;
  --muted: #596763;
  --line: #d9e2df;
  --paper: #ffffff;
  --wash: #f5f8f7;
  --shadow: 0 18px 46px rgba(24,69,59,.12);
  --radius: 18px;
  --content: 1180px;
}
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  font-family: "Metropolis", "Avenir Next", "Segoe UI", Arial, sans-serif;
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
a { color: var(--msu-green); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
a:hover { color: var(--excellence); }
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
button, input, textarea { font: inherit; }
:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--lime); outline-offset: 3px; }
.skip-link { position: fixed; left: 1rem; top: -8rem; background: #fff; color: #000; padding: .8rem 1rem; z-index: 1000; border-radius: 0 0 8px 8px; }
.skip-link:focus { top: 0; }
.container { width: min(var(--content), calc(100% - 2rem)); margin-inline: auto; }
.eyebrow { margin: 0 0 .65rem; color: var(--excellence); font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .15em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.section { padding: 5.5rem 0; }
.section--tint { background: var(--wash); }
.section--green { background: var(--msu-green); color: #fff; }
.section-head { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr minmax(280px, .72fr); align-items: end; gap: 2rem; margin-bottom: 2.25rem; }
.section-head h2, .page-hero h1, .hero h1 { margin: 0; line-height: 1.08; letter-spacing: -.035em; }
.section-head h2 { font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.3rem); }
.section-head p { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); }
.section--green .section-head p { color: rgba(255,255,255,.78); }
.kicker { color: var(--lime); }

.site-header { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 100; background: rgba(255,255,255,.96); backdrop-filter: blur(14px); border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(24,69,59,.12); }
.brand-bar { background: var(--msu-green); color: #fff; font-size: .82rem; }
.brand-bar .container { min-height: 34px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; }
.brand-bar a { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; }
.brand-bar span:last-child { opacity: .8; }
.main-nav { min-height: 82px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 2rem; }
.site-brand { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .8rem; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; min-width: 260px; }
.brand-symbol { width: 48px; height: 48px; border-radius: 12px; background: var(--msu-green); color: #fff; display: grid; place-items: center; font-weight: 900; letter-spacing: -.08em; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px rgba(255,255,255,.15); }
.brand-copy strong { display: block; line-height: 1.1; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: .02em; }
.brand-copy small { display: block; color: var(--muted); font-size: .72rem; margin-top: .18rem; }
.nav-links { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .15rem; list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.nav-links a { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 700; font-size: .9rem; padding: .65rem .68rem; border-radius: 9px; }
.nav-links a:hover, .nav-links a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--msu-green); background: var(--msu-green-soft); }
.nav-cta { margin-left: .3rem; }
.nav-cta a { background: var(--msu-green); color: #fff; }
.nav-cta a:hover { background: var(--msu-green-dark); color: #fff; }
.menu-toggle { display: none; width: 44px; height: 44px; border: 1px solid var(--line); background: #fff; border-radius: 10px; cursor: pointer; }
.menu-toggle span { display: block; width: 21px; height: 2px; background: var(--msu-green); margin: 4px auto; }

.hero { min-height: 720px; position: relative; overflow: hidden; display: grid; align-items: center; color: #fff; background: var(--msu-green-dark); }
.hero::before { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; background: radial-gradient(circle at 18% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,.035), transparent 34%), radial-gradient(circle at 78% 82%, rgba(123,189,0,.07), transparent 42%), linear-gradient(110deg, #0b2f28 0%, #103a31 54%, #18453b 100%); }
.hero::after { content: ""; position: absolute; width: 520px; height: 520px; right: -180px; bottom: -270px; border-radius: 50%; border: 90px solid rgba(123,189,0,.17); }
.hero-inner { position: relative; z-index: 2; padding: 7rem 0 6rem; max-width: 830px; }
.hero-inner--with-portrait { max-width: none; display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(270px, 360px) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 2.5rem; align-items: center; }
.hero-content { min-width: 0; }
.hero-portrait { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: flex-end; transform: translate(-105px, -62px); }
.hero-portrait img { width: min(100%, 350px); height: auto; display: block; border-radius: 28px; box-shadow: var(--shadow); background: rgba(255,255,255,.08); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); }
.hero .eyebrow { 
color: #a8d66d; 
font-size: 1.25rem;
}
.hero h1 { max-width: 850px; font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 6vw, 5.3rem); }
.hero h1 span { color: #a8d66d; }
.hero-lead { max-width: 760px; margin: 1.6rem 0 0; font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2vw, 1.35rem); color: rgba(255,255,255,.85); }
.hero-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .8rem; margin-top: 2rem; }
.btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: .55rem; min-height: 48px; padding: .75rem 1.05rem; border-radius: 10px; border: 1px solid transparent; font-weight: 800; text-decoration: none; transition: .2s ease; }
.btn:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); }
.btn--lime { background: var(--lime); color: #102019; }
.btn--lime:hover { color: #102019; background: #93cf25; }
.btn--ghost { border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.4); color: #fff; background: rgba(255,255,255,.05); }
.btn--ghost:hover { color: #fff; background: rgba(255,255,255,.13); }
.btn--green { color: #fff; background: var(--msu-green); }
.btn--green:hover { color: #fff; background: var(--msu-green-dark); }
.btn--outline { border-color: var(--msu-green); color: var(--msu-green); }
.btn--outline:hover { background: var(--msu-green-soft); color: var(--msu-green); }
.hero-stats { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); gap: 1px; background: rgba(255,255,255,.18); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18); border-radius: 14px; overflow: hidden; margin-top: 3rem; max-width: 860px; }
.stat { padding: 1.15rem 1rem; background: rgba(8,31,26,.55); }
.stat strong { display: block; color: #fff; font-size: 1.55rem; line-height: 1; }
.stat span { display: block; margin-top: .42rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.68); font-size: .76rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .08em; }

.cards { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 1.25rem; }
.card { background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(24,69,59,.055); }
.card-body { padding: 1.35rem; }
.card h3 { margin: 0 0 .55rem; line-height: 1.25; font-size: 1.2rem; }
.card p { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); }
.card a.stretched { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
.card-media { aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--msu-green), var(--excellence)); overflow: hidden; position: relative; }
.card-media img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.card-media::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; background: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 45%, rgba(10,36,31,.42)); }
.tag { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 25px; padding: .22rem .55rem; border-radius: 999px; color: var(--msu-green); background: var(--msu-green-soft); font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 800; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .07em; margin-bottom: .75rem; }
.card-footer { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding: .85rem 1.35rem; color: var(--msu-green); font-weight: 800; font-size: .86rem; }

.research-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 1rem; }
.research-item { position: relative; min-height: 280px; padding: 1.6rem; border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: end; color: #fff; background: var(--msu-green); }
.research-item::before { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(15,48,41,.03), rgba(15,48,41,.94)); }
.research-item > * { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.research-item h3 { margin: 0; font-size: 1.45rem; line-height: 1.2; }
.research-item p { margin: .55rem 0 0; color: rgba(255,255,255,.8); }

.feature-split { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.05fr .95fr; gap: 3.3rem; align-items: center; }
.feature-image { position: relative; }
.feature-image img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 22px; box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
.feature-image::after { content: ""; position: absolute; width: 42%; height: 38%; left: -18px; bottom: -18px; border: 8px solid var(--lime); border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-radius: 0 0 0 20px; z-index: -1; }
.feature-copy h2 { margin: 0; font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.3rem); line-height: 1.08; letter-spacing: -.035em; }
.feature-copy p { color: var(--muted); font-size: 1.04rem; }
.check-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 1.3rem 0 0; }
.check-list li { position: relative; padding: .7rem 0 .7rem 2rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.check-list li::before { content: "✓"; position: absolute; left: 0; color: var(--excellence); font-weight: 900; }

.news-list { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.15fr .85fr; gap: 1.25rem; }
.news-feature { grid-row: span 2; }
.news-feature .card-media { aspect-ratio: 16/10; }
.news-small { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 120px 1fr; }
.news-small .card-media { aspect-ratio: auto; min-height: 140px; }
.news-small .card-body { padding: 1rem; }
.news-small h3 { font-size: 1rem; }
.date { display: block; color: var(--muted); font-size: .78rem; margin-bottom: .5rem; }

.people-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 1.15rem; }
.person { background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden; }
.person-photo { aspect-ratio: 1 / 1; background: linear-gradient(145deg, var(--msu-green-soft), #cbded8); display: grid; place-items: center; color: var(--msu-green); font-size: 2.2rem; font-weight: 900; letter-spacing: -.05em; overflow: hidden; }
.person-photo img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: top; }
.person-body { padding: 1.1rem; }
.person h3 { margin: 0; font-size: 1.05rem; }
.person p { margin: .35rem 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: .87rem; }
.person .role { color: var(--excellence); font-weight: 800; font-size: .78rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .07em; }

.page-hero { padding: 5rem 0 4.4rem; color: #fff; background: radial-gradient(circle at 90% 10%, rgba(123,189,0,.23), transparent 30%), var(--msu-green-dark); }
.page-hero h1 { max-width: 850px; font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 6vw, 5rem); }
.page-hero p { max-width: 760px; color: rgba(255,255,255,.79); font-size: 1.12rem; }
.breadcrumb { margin-bottom: 1rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.7); font-size: .85rem; }
.breadcrumb a { color: #fff; }

.project-list { display: grid; gap: 1.4rem; }
.project { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 260px 1fr; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden; background: #fff; }
.project-media { min-height: 240px; background: var(--msu-green-soft); }
.project-media img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.project-copy { padding: 1.5rem; }
.project-copy h2 { margin: 0; font-size: 1.55rem; line-height: 1.2; }
.project-meta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .45rem; margin: .75rem 0 1rem; }
.project-copy p { color: var(--muted); }
.project-copy details { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-top: .9rem; margin-top: 1rem; }
.project-copy summary { cursor: pointer; color: var(--msu-green); font-weight: 800; }

.facility-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 1.35rem; }
.facility { border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden; background: #fff; }
.facility img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 16 / 10; object-fit: cover; }
.facility--diagram img {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center;
  background: #ffffff;
  padding: 0.5rem;
}
.facility--wide-diagram img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  aspect-ratio: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center;
  background: #ffffff;
  padding: 0.4rem;
}
.facility-copy { padding: 1.35rem; }
.facility--contain .facility-copy,
.facility--contain .facility-copy h2,
.facility--contain .facility-copy p {
  color: #ffffff;
}
.facility h2 { margin: 0 0 .55rem; font-size: 1.35rem; }
.facility p { color: var(--muted); }
.draft-note { display: inline-flex; gap: .45rem; align-items: center; padding: .55rem .7rem; border-radius: 8px; background: #fff7db; color: #624c00; font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; }

.publication-tools { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .75rem; margin-bottom: 1.4rem; }
.publication-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: grid; gap: .85rem; counter-reset: pubs; }
.publication-list li { counter-increment: pubs; position: relative; padding: 1.15rem 1.15rem 1.15rem 4rem; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 13px; background: #fff; }
.publication-list li::before { content: counter(pubs, decimal-leading-zero); position: absolute; left: 1rem; top: 1.15rem; color: var(--excellence); font-weight: 900; }
.publication-list strong { color: var(--msu-green); }
.publication-list em { color: var(--muted); }

.timeline { position: relative; margin-left: .5rem; padding-left: 2rem; border-left: 2px solid var(--line); }
.timeline-item { position: relative; padding: 0 0 2rem; }
.timeline-item::before { content: ""; position: absolute; width: 14px; height: 14px; left: calc(-2rem - 8px); top: .3rem; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--lime); border: 3px solid #fff; box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px var(--msu-green); }
.timeline-item h2 { margin: 0; font-size: 1.3rem; }
.timeline-item p { color: var(--muted); }

.contact-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: .9fr 1.1fr; gap: 2rem; }
.contact-card { padding: 1.5rem; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); background: #fff; }
.contact-card h2 { margin-top: 0; }
.contact-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.contact-list li { padding: .75rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.contact-list strong { display: block; font-size: .78rem; color: var(--excellence); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .08em; }
.map-placeholder { min-height: 360px; border-radius: var(--radius); background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--msu-green-soft), #d6e4df); display: grid; place-items: center; text-align: center; padding: 2rem; color: var(--msu-green); }

.callout { border-radius: 22px; padding: 2rem; background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--msu-green), var(--msu-green-dark)); color: #fff; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 2rem; }
.callout h2 { margin: 0; font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 3.5vw, 2.7rem); line-height: 1.1; }
.callout p { color: rgba(255,255,255,.76); max-width: 650px; }

.site-footer { padding: 3rem 0 1.5rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.8); background: #0b2420; }
.footer-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.25fr .75fr .75fr; gap: 2rem; }
.site-footer h2, .site-footer h3 { color: #fff; }
.site-footer h2 { margin: 0 0 .4rem; font-size: 1.25rem; }
.site-footer h3 { font-size: .85rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .1em; }
.site-footer a { color: #fff; }
.footer-links { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.footer-links li { margin: .45rem 0; }
.footer-bottom { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14); padding-top: 1.3rem; margin-top: 2rem; font-size: .78rem; }
.wordmark-placeholder { color: #fff; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 1.2rem; letter-spacing: -.02em; }

@media (max-width: 1040px) {
  .menu-toggle { display: block; }
  .nav-links { display: none; position: absolute; top: calc(100% + .5rem); left: 0; right: 0; padding: .75rem; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 14px; box-shadow: var(--shadow); flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; }
  .nav-links.is-open { display: flex; }
  .nav-links a { display: block; }
  .nav-cta { margin-left: 0; }
  .cards { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .people-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .brand-bar span:last-child { display: none; }
  .main-nav { min-height: 72px; }
  .site-brand { min-width: 0; }
  .brand-copy small { display: none; }
  .hero { min-height: auto; }
  .hero-inner { padding: 5.5rem 0 4rem; }
  .hero-inner--with-portrait { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2rem; }
  .hero-portrait { justify-content: flex-start; transform: none; }
  .hero-portrait img { width: min(72vw, 280px); }
  .hero h1 { font-size: clamp(2.7rem, 14vw, 4.4rem); }
  .hero-stats { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .section { padding: 4rem 0; }
  .section-head, .feature-split, .news-list, .contact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .cards, .research-grid, .facility-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .people-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .news-feature { grid-row: auto; }
  .project { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .project-media { min-height: 210px; }
  .callout { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; }
  .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .footer-bottom { flex-direction: column; }
}
@media (max-width: 460px) {
  .container { width: min(var(--content), calc(100% - 1.2rem)); }
  .brand-symbol { width: 42px; height: 42px; }
  .brand-copy strong { font-size: .87rem; }
  .people-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .hero-actions .btn { width: 100%; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  * { scroll-behavior: auto !important; transition: none !important; }
}

/* Final visual refinements: approved portrait, generated research imagery, and image placeholders */
.main-nav { min-height: 104px; }
.site-brand { min-width: 0; flex: 0 1 365px; }
.lab-logo { display: block; width: min(100%, 365px); height: auto; }
.hero-stats--expanded { grid-template-columns: repeat(8, minmax(0, 1fr)); max-width: none; }
.hero-stats--expanded .stat { min-width: 0; padding: 1.05rem .68rem; }
.hero-stats--expanded .stat strong { white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1.42rem; }
.hero-stats--expanded .stat span { line-height: 1.3; font-size: .67rem; }

.feature-image--portrait { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; }
.feature-image--portrait img { width: 100%; height: auto; max-height: 640px; aspect-ratio: 4 / 5; object-fit: contain; object-position: center; background: #e5e5e5; }

.research-item::before { background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(8,37,31,.05) 0%, rgba(8,37,31,.18) 32%, rgba(8,37,31,.88) 100%); }

.person-photo { position: relative; aspect-ratio: 1 / 1; background: #e7efec; }
.person-photo img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: center; }

.timeline-item { padding: 0 0 2rem 150px; min-height: 122px; }
.timeline-item::after { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; width: 122px; height: 92px; border-radius: 12px; background-image: var(--timeline-image); background-size: cover; background-position: center; box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(24,69,59,.12); }

@media (max-width: 1220px) {
  .hero-stats--expanded { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}
@media (max-width: 1120px) {
  .site-brand { flex-basis: 320px; }
  .lab-logo { width: 320px; }
}
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .main-nav { min-height: 82px; }
  .site-brand { flex-basis: 245px; }
  .lab-logo { width: 245px; }
  .hero-stats--expanded { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .feature-image--portrait img { max-height: 560px; }
  .timeline-item { padding-left: 0; padding-top: 118px; }
  .timeline-item::after { width: 100%; height: 100px; }
}
@media (max-width: 460px) {
  .site-brand { flex-basis: 215px; }
  .lab-logo { width: 215px; }
}


.card-media--contain, .project-media--contain, .facility--contain { background: #071018; }
.card-media--contain img, .project-media--contain img { object-fit: contain; padding: 1rem; background: #071018; }
.facility--contain img { object-fit: contain; padding: 1rem; background: #071018; }
.research-item.research-item--resilience { background-image: url('../images/theme-resilience-simple.png'); }
.research-item.research-item--grid-services { background-image: url('../images/theme-grid-services-simple.png'); }
.research-item.research-item--realtime { background-image: url('../images/theme-realtime-simple.png'); }
.research-item.research-item--ai { background-image: url('../images/theme-ai-simple.png'); }
.research-item.research-item--resilience, .research-item.research-item--grid-services, .research-item.research-item--realtime, .research-item.research-item--ai { background-position: center; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; }


.alumni-list { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 1rem; }
.alumni-entry { padding: 1.25rem 1.35rem; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-left: 5px solid var(--msu-green); border-radius: 14px; }
.alumni-entry h3 { margin: 0; font-size: 1.08rem; }
.alumni-entry p { margin: .35rem 0 0; color: var(--muted); }
@media (max-width: 760px) { .alumni-list { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
@media (min-width: 1041px) {
  .main-nav {
    gap: 1rem;
  }

  .site-brand {
    flex: 0 1 300px;
  }

  .lab-logo {
    width: 300px;
  }

  .nav-links a {
    padding: 0.6rem 0.48rem;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    white-space: nowrap;
  }
}