WAVE
- One Dimensional Gas Dynamics and Engine Simulation Code.
WAVE
is the market leading engine performance and 1-D gas dynamics simulation
software used worldwide in all industry sectors including motor sport,
automotive, motorcycle, truck, agricultural, locomotive, marine and power
generation. WAVE enables performance simulations to be carried out based on
virtually any intake, combustion and exhaust system design, and a new driveline
model allows complete vehicle simulations.
An
Application Program Interface (API) enables WAVE to be linked to other
industry-standard commercial programs including Matlab/Simulink, EASY5, Matrixx/Systembuild
and VECTIS, FIRE and StarCD.
Main
Applications:
Engine performance & turbocharger matching
Advanced diesel and SI combustion & emissions
Design of intake & exhaust system for noise reduction
Coupled engine control & driveline simulation
Hybrid 1D/3D flow simulations
Thermal analysis of combustion chamber components & exhaust system
warmup
Wave
Basic Introduction:
WAVE
is a computer-aided engineering code developed by Ricardo Inc. to analyze the
dynamics of pressure waves, mass flows, and energy losses in ducts, plenums and
the intake and exhaust manifolds of various systems and machines.
WAVE provides a fully integrated treatment of time-dependent fluid
dynamics and thermodynamics by means of a one-dimensional, finite difference
formulation incorporating a general thermodynamic treatment of working fluids,
including air, air-hydrocarbon mixtures, products of combustion, freons, and
liquid fuels. In addition, WAVE
provides a completely coupled interface to Ricardos CFD code, VECTIS, which
allows various system components to be simulated as a full three-dimensional
model. Finally, WAVE provides a
completely coupled interface to external models which are user defined to
specially describe the physics in a system component.
WAVE
can model general networks of pipes, volumes and junctions in terms of a set of
building blocks, which include:
-constant
area conical pipes or ducts
-passages
with abrupt changes of area
-junctions
of multiple ducts
-elbows,
orifices and plenums
-terminators
such as infinite plenums (ambients) and anechoic boundaries
WAVE
also includes a library of machinery components such as engine cylinders, piston
compressors, turbocharger compressors and turbines, and pumps. These components can be attached to the pipe networks to
serve as the source of absorbers of pulsating flows.
The
basic methodology incorporated in Wave has been extensively tested against a set
of referenced test cases. These
included: shock wave propagation in a duct; pressure wave reflection from closed
and open ends of a duct; steady state flow through a duct with an abrupt change
of cross-sectional area; flow through an orifice; pipe flow with friction; pipe
flow with heat transfer; and flow through junctions of three ducts.
The
input facilities accept modular, block style data files, providing great
flexibility in setting up parametric studies with respect to any input variable.
Extensive error-trapping facilities are built into the code to protect
against input errors. Input variables may be entered in SI or British units.
The
code provides detailed printed output of a large number of key parameters of
engineering importance. This
includes integrated quantities such as time-mean pressures, temperatures and
flow rates at many locations within the duct/manifold network.
In addition, the time variation of important variables is available in
the form of detailed plots through simple input specifications.
Variables such as mass flow, velocity, composition and thermodynamic
variables throughout the duct system are available for plotting.
Output specific to each type of machinery is also provided.
Plotted output can be produced either HPGL or PostScript form.
Building
a Model in WAVE:
Build stick model
Specify dimensions and initial conditions of all ducts and junctions
Define ambient conditions
Specify piston-cylinder dimensions (bore, stroke, fuel type, firing order,
etc.)
Create fuel injectors and valves and specify respective profiles
Create table to vary select parameters, (rpm, compressor speed, etc)
Run/Debug
Add turbocharger/supercharger and define compressor and turbine maps
Request plots where information is desired, i.e. pressure, temperature, mass flow
traces, mean effective pressures, etc.
Run/Debug